INTRODUCTION TO NAHUM
The Book of Nahum belongs to three minor prophets in the Bible that are directed primarily to a foreign entities: Jonah to Nineveh and Obadiah to Edom are the others. Nahum prophesied to the city of Nineveh, capital of the Assyrian Empire, but he came much later than Jonah. Using dramatic speech, Nahum graphically tells about the fall of the city that once terrified the ancient world, including Jerusalem and Judah.
Jonah came to Nineveh 150 years earlier and his ministry was stunningly successful. Despite his reluctance to go, Jonah’s preaching spawned mass repentance; this is impressive for a heathen nation. Would to God we had these kind of results today!
After Jonah’s day, Assyria grew to be a great empire. In the time of King Ahab, the Assyrians tried to conquer the 10 tribes of Israel but failed. Then during the reign of Ashurbanipal III, the little tribe of Benjamin was taken. Finally, in the year 722 BC, under Shalmaneser, the other 9 tribes were conquered and exiled to the far-flung reaches of the Assyrian empire. Heathen people were transplanted in their place (see II Kings 17) and by the New Testament era they became known to the world as Samaritans.
After the Northern Kingdom of Israel was deported, Assyria set its sights on the Southern Kingdom of Judah and the House of David. The siege of Jerusalem in 701 BC was one of the great, though harrowing, events of Scripture, told 3 times: In II Kings, II Chronicles, and Isaiah.In the natural, Assyria’s military was so formidable and numerous, Jerusalem should have fallen with ease. Yet, through divine intervention, the Assyrian troops were smitten. Assyria continued its march of conquest, taking Thebes in Upper Egypt. The empire expanded but fortunately, Judah was spared and even outlasted Nineveh.
Yes, despite their conquest and victories, Assyria’s pride and arrogance was its undoing. Nahum predicted that Nineveh’s days were numbered and there was no way out.
HEBREW NAME OF NAHUM
Nahum means ‘comfort, consolation’ and is the abbreviation of Nehemiah, ‘comfort of Jehovah.’
AUTHOR OF NAHUM
Nahum is the author of the book that bears his name; however, we know nothing about him except he is an Elkoshite (1:1) . We are not even sure whether his village of Elkosh is in the regions Judah or Galilee.
DATE OF NAHUM
Written between 660-620 BC, Nahum does not mention the Judean king, possibly because it was evil Manasseh, son of righteous Hezekiah. Attacked by the Medes from the North and by the Babylonians from the South, Nineveh fell in 612 BC. The Babylonian empire succeeded the Assyrian.
PORTRAIT OF CHRIST IN NAHUM
There are no Messianic prophecies in Nahum, but we know that Christ will be judge at His second coming (1:2-8) and He is the good Lord, a stronghold in the day of trouble (1:7; Proverbs 18:10).
THEME OF BOOK OF NAHUM
Nineveh, since the time of Jonah, presided over a growing empire whose tentacles reached out to the land of Israel. Known for pride, arrogance, and cruelty, the Lord had had enough. Though known for His slow anger and long-suffering, Nineveh and Assyria passed the point of no return and their judgement would be swift and sure.
While this prophecy is bad news for Nineveh, it is good news for Judah. It provides comfort that God punishes (Assyrian) wickedness and will fulfil His covenantal promises. It also shows that God is the righteous judge (II Timothy 4:8), rewarding people and nations according to their works, whether good or evil.
TO BE CONTINUED